Oral health interventions in children and adolescents with special needs

Down Syndrome

Carly Ross takes a look at this review of different oral health education and promotion interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Eighteen studies were included but they mainly of very low to low certainty.

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Nano-hydroxyapatite for caries prevention

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This review of the efficacy of fluoride-free nano-hydroxyapatite agents (nHA) to enhance remineralisation or hamper demineralisation of enamel caries included 10 small studies. 5 studies were in-vivo and 5 in-situ but they were of short duration with 7 being at high risk of bias so provide very low certainty evidence. Additional high quality well reported studies are needed to assess nHA.

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Topical fluorides for early childhood caries

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This review of the caries preventive effectiveness of topical fluorides in the primary dentition included 24 RCTs with 10 RCTs contributing to a network meta-analysis (NMA). While the NMA did allow a ranking of effectiveness the number of studies involved was small and 17 of the 24 studies were considered to be at high risk of bias.

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Dentine hypersensitivity: Is low-level light therapy effective?

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This review assessing the efficacy of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on dentine hypersensitivity included 35 studies 27 of which were RCTs. The findings showed an immediate, interim and persistant benifical effect compared to placebo. However the certainty of the evidence was only low to very low.

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White spot lesions: Topical fluoride for prevention during fixed orthodontic treatment

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This Cochrane review update evaluates whether topical fluoride reduces the proportion of orthodontic patients with new demineralised lesions (white spot lesions). In included 10 studies finding some low certainty evidence that some topical fluorides reduced white spot lesions.

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Early childhood caries: Preventive interventions for pregnant and nursing mothers and other primary caregivers

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This Cochrane review asessing interventions with pregnant women, new mothers or other primary caregivers of infants in the first year of life for preventing early childhood caries included 17 RCTs .

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Root caries risk predictors

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This review of risk predictors of root caries was based on 16 cohorts. The findings suggest a number of risk predictors but only 4 of the included studies were considered to be of high quality.

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Enamel white spot lesions: self-application of topical fluorides for prevention and reversal

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This review of self-applied topical fluorides for the prevention reversal of enamel white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment included 3 RCTs two of which were at high risk of bias.

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High fluoride toothpaste for arresting and preventing root caries

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This randomised trial comparing 5000ppm fluoride tootpaste v 1450ppm paste in adults aged 60 and above demonstrated fewer new root canal lesions in the 5000ppm group at 2 years.

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Fluoride varnish for caries prevention in pre-school children

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This review of the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in reducing the risk of new caries in primary teeth included 20 studies suggesting modest effects in pre-school children.

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