This review of the effectiveness of the miswak in reducing plaque and gingivitis in adults included 9 RCTs. The included studies were small with the findings indicating that the miswak reduced plaque and gingivitis scores to a level comparable to toothbrush in the short term.
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This review examining the association between oral manifestations and the use of oral piercings included 54 studies. Damage to periodontal health and tooth structure were the most commonly reported complications however the quality of the evidence is of very low certainty.
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This review of the efficacy of interdental cleaning devices (ICDs) used with active substances, as adjuncts to toothbrushing included 7 RCTs. However, none of the available studies was at low risk of bias and all were small. While the findings suggest s benefit from using ICDs with active substances the evidence is of very low certainty so additional high qiality well reported trials are needed.
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This review of the effect of probiotics on gingival inflammation and oral microbiota in patients suffering from plaque-induced gingivitis included 11 RCTs. No clear evidence was found to indicate that oral probiotics have a positive effect on gingival inflammation and oral microecological environment of patients with gingivitis.
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This review of the efficacy of rubber bristles interdental cleaners (RBIC) as an adjunct to toothbrushing (TB) included 6 RCTs. The findings provide weak to very weak certainty evidence for the use of RBICs for gingivitis and plaque reduction.
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This review of the efficacy of curcumin mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis in comparison with chlorhexidine included 6 RCTs. While the findings suggest that curcumin mouthwashes have promising anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis properties 5 of the 6 studies were at high risk of bias.
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This review evaluating the evidence regarding the efficacy of propolis-based mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation included 9 RCTs. While the findings suggest potential benefit from propolis-based mouthwash the quality of the available evidence is very low and additional high quality studies are needed to assess any benefits.
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This review of the efficacy of Triphala and chlorhexidine mouthwash in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis included 7 RCTs involving a total of 1270 patients. However most of the studies are of short duration at at high to medium risk of bias.
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This review of the the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of gingivitis included 10 small short term studies providing limited weak evidence for any effect on gingivitis.
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This review of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouthwash with an anti-discoloration system (ADS) is effective in preventing extrinsic tooth surface discoloration included 13 RCTs with the findings suggesting that ADS reduces staining but did not affect its properties with respect to gingival inflammation and plaque scores.
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